Playgrounds, swimming pools and skateparks: Finland’s network of underground bomb shelters

The cavernous Itakeskus swimming hall in Finland houses a complex of pools and saunas, but in just a couple of days it can be transformed into a vast underground bomb shelter with a capacity of nearly 4,000 people. It's just one of a number of shelters across the country that during peacetime house everything from skateparks to playgrounds, but also form a vital part of Finland’s civil defence strategy and could provide a model for other European nations looking to ramp up preparedness after Russia's invasion of Ukraine.

In most parts of the world, bomb shelters conjure up images of dark, claustrophobic spaces built purely for survival. But in Finland, these shelters tell a different story — one that blends security with smart design, and even a little bit of fun. Beneath the peaceful cities of Helsinki and beyond lies a remarkable network of underground bomb shelters, unlike any others in the world.

Built to withstand military attacks and even nuclear threats, Finland's bomb shelters are part of a comprehensive national preparedness system. Yet what makes them truly fascinating isn’t just their strength — it’s how they double as everyday recreational facilities. From playgrounds and swimming pools to indoor ice rinks, gyms, and even skateparks, these shelters are designed for more than just emergencies. They’re seamlessly integrated into the fabric of Finnish life.

A Culture of Preparedness

Finland’s commitment to civil defense runs deep. With a long history of conflict and a border shared with Russia, the country has never taken safety for granted. As a result, Finland has more than 50,000 bomb shelters, capable of protecting the entire population if needed.

But rather than letting these spaces sit unused, Finland took a creative approach. Many shelters serve dual purposes — acting as community hubs during peacetime and transforming into fully functional safe zones during emergencies. This practical model ensures that the shelters are maintained, well-funded, and constantly ready, while also enriching the daily lives of citizens.

Hidden Worlds Beneath the Surface

Take Helsinki, for example. Beneath the city’s parks and streets lies a massive network of underground spaces. In the Merihaka district, you’ll find a bomb shelter that converts into a swimming pool and sports center. In Itäkeskus, one shelter houses a skatepark where young Finns practice tricks year-round, rain or shine.

These underground facilities are made to quickly convert in times of crisis. With advanced ventilation systems, thick reinforced walls, and stocked supplies, they can keep thousands of people safe for extended periods. Some are even designed to be air-tight, protecting against chemical and biological threats.

A Global Model

In today’s uncertain world, Finland’s model has drawn international attention. As geopolitical tensions rise, countries are rethinking their civil defense strategies — and Finland is being seen as a global leader in smart preparedness. The idea that emergency infrastructure can be both functional and enjoyable is inspiring urban planners and governments worldwide.

More Than Just Protection

Ultimately, Finland’s underground bomb shelters represent more than just safety — they reflect a national mindset built on foresight, community care, and innovation. By blending practicality with everyday use, these spaces promote a sense of security without fear, preparedness without panic.

In a world that often separates safety from daily life, Finland proves that the two can coexist — sometimes with a splash in a pool, a skate on a ramp, or a child’s laughter echoing underground.